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Most youth are peaceful. At the same time, the overwhelming majority of people who become violent extremists are youth — most of whom are male. The challenge at the center of Countering Violent Extremism (CVE) is thus an unusual one: identifying the fraction of youth populations most likely to enter a Violence Extremist Organisation (VEO) and thwarting that option. This paper, published by Promundo, investigates that challenge, with analysis featuring interviews with 21 experts and over 400 publications on violent extremism, CVE, and youth.