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This paper was commissioned by the Global Education Monitoring Report (GEM Report) as background information to assist in drafting the 2019 GEM Report Migration, Displacement and Education: Building Bridges, not Walls. This paper is concerned with exploring this gender-migration-education nexus through a focus on the educational engagements and experiences of migrant and refugee women and adolescent girls. It first considers the wider body of research that has explored the relationship between gender, migration and displacement, particularly in relation to the experiences of migrant women and girls, before drawing out some of the key conceptual ideas from this, considering their implications for education, and presenting a conceptual diagram to represent this relationship. It then focuses more specifically on experiences of non-formal education for women and adolescent girls in refugee contexts and in host countries. Finally it identifies a number of key issues and recommendations emerging from this research.