Intersectionality examines categories and axes of oppression as not distinct but as always shaped by other relations of power. Single-axis analysis is limited as it fails to consider the many axes and structures of oppression. Social, cultural...

Ableism is the belief that people with physical, intellectual, or psychiatric disabilities are inferior to people without disabilities. Ableism encompasses discrimination against people with all kinds of disabilities. Ableism intersects with other...

Colonialism is the violent practice of seizing control and exerting domination over land, its people and financial, material, and cultural resources. It involves the extraction of resources and human labor and creates racial hierarchies to legitimize...

Being heteronormative (noun: heteronormativity) means giving power and privilege to persons, communities and beliefs that are heterosexual (i.e. intimacy and sex between a woman and a man). Heteronormative language makes being heterosexual seem like...

Racism refers to entrenched social structures rooted in the belief that different races respectively possess superior and inferior qualities and capacities. Racism informed the enslavement of African peoples, genocide of Indigenous peoples, and...

Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns. Such shifts can be natural, due to changes in the sun’s activity or large volcanic eruptions. But since the 1800s, human activities have been the main driver of climate...

A humanitarian crisis is defined as any circumstance where humanitarian needs are sufficiently large and complex to require significant external assistance and resources, and where a multi-sectoral response is needed, An emergency is a situation that...