Annex

To select relevant documents, we examined the titles, introductions, or abstracts for each document. Documents were selected if they focused on:

1. Gender equality in and through education
2. Gender transformative education or gender transformative approaches in education
3. Gender stereotypes in education
4. Gender and education

Findings

Based on existing resources, a glossary designed specifically to address gender transformative education has not been created. However, human rights organisations have published a range of material for which definitions for tenets of gender transformative education are included. Terms like ‘gender-transformative,’ ‘gender,’ ‘gender-transformative approaches,’ and ‘gender-blind’ are among the terms defined. UNESCO, UNICEF, UN Women, and the European Institute for Gender Equality have published glossaries specifically for gender equality.
 

Existing glossaries

1. Gender Justice Glossary: UC San Diego: Published in partnership with the UC San Diego Women’s Center and UC San Diego LGBT Resource Center, this glossary aims to encourage critical thinking of concepts of gender and power and how they can impact gender identity, gender expression and various communities. This glossary also uses an intersectional feminist lens by interrogating the understanding of patriarchy and white supremacy. Terms such as privilege, gender, cisnormativity, and intersectional feminism are defined. This glossary is available in English.
2. European Institute for Gender Equality: Gender Mainstreaming Glossary: Pulling on resources from international women’s rights organisations, the European Union and the Council of Europe legislative and strategy documents, this glossary explores terms related to gender mainstreaming, gender equality and policy advocacy. Some of the terms explored are affirmative action, gender gap, gender norms, and indirect discrimination. This glossary is available in English.
3. UNICEF Glossary of Terms and Concepts: Developed by the UNICEF Regional Office for South Asia, this glossary explores key concepts and terms related to gender equality. It includes terms such as gender balance, gender-based violence in emergencies, gender-responsive budgeting, sexual and reproductive health and rights, and parity in education. This glossary is available in English.
4. UNESCO Glossary: Understanding Concepts around Gender Equality: This glossary explores concepts around gender equality and inclusion in education to enable education actors to better understand and implement strategies to increase access to education. This glossary explores terms such as diversity, empowerment, gender digital divide, gender division of labour, gender equality through education, gender equality in education, and gender equity in education. It also defines key international agreements by which it is guided, namely the Beijing Platform for Action, Commission on the Status of Women, and the Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination against Women. This glossary is available in English, French and Spanish.
5. Gender Equality in Schools: Gender Equality Glossary: Funded by the European Union, this glossary builds off the previous work led by a coalition of European organisation¹ . It explores key terms related to SDG 5: Gender Equality, particularly in the realms of sexuality, gender identity, and expression. It defines terms such as transphobia, hegemonic masculinity, gender stereotypes, and intersectionality. This glossary is available in English.

6. UN Women: Gender- Equality Glossary: Developed by the UN Women Training Center, this glossary addresses key terms related to UN Women’s working thematic areas. The glossary takes on a gender perspective offering insight into key concepts related to gender, international agreements and gatherings, agendas, and partnerships. It defines terms, events, and concepts such as autonomy, commission on the status of women, transformational leadership, power, and women’s political participation. This glossary is available in English, French, and Spanish.
    

   ¹The Gender Equality in Schools coalition consists of 10 entities from 10 European countries: Development Education Centre, South Yorkshire (DECSY, England - Lead), Anthropolis Association (Hungary), Oxfam (Italy), Center for Citizenship Education (CEO, Poland), Forum for Freedom in Education (Croatia), Peace Education Institute (Finland), Slovak Centre for Communication and Development (Slovakia), Sudwind Association for Development Policy and Global Justice (Austria), University of Thessaly (Greece).

Notable resources

1. Oxfam IBIS Concept Paper: Transformative Education: explores transformative education to challenge inequalities. It explores definitions of transformative pedagogy methodologies, and active citizenship education (strategies to engage in this process are also included). This paper is available in English and Danish.
2. Oxfam IBIS Concept Paper: Education and Gender Equality: explores IBIS’ approaches to education for gender equality, examining key terms related to social and gender justice frameworks, alongside factors that cause gender inequalities in education. This paper is available in English and Danish.
3. UNFPA: Gender Transformative Programming: explores the gender continuum in education, gender norms and stereotypes, and sexual and reproductive health. This tool includes a glossary that breaks down terms such as sexuality, sexual health, and sexual identity. This paper is available in English.
4. UNFPA: Gender Transformative Accelerator Tool- provides guidance on operationalizing gender transformative programming, exploring key components to assess programmes to ensure that they include the core elements of GTA. This tool is available in Spanish, English, and French.
5. Gender Transformative Education Brief: by UNICEF, Plan International, UNGEI, and Transform Education- This brief explores the definition of GTE, its importance, and how it can be implemented. It provides examples of case studies along with insights into the differences among approaches that are gender-responsive, gender-sensitive, and gender transformative. This is the only available resource that specifically speaks to gender transformative education and its associated terminology. This brief is available in English and Japanese.

6. Gender Equality in Education: Definitions and Measurements: This paper published in 2005, explores the definitions of key terms and concepts outlined in international development frameworks along with its indicators of measurements. Some of these terms include gender parity and gender equality, with a comparative analysis of ‘equal access to’, ‘equality within’, and ‘equality through’ as seen below. This paper is available in English.
    

   

    

7. UNESCO GCI Glossary (forthcoming 2023/2024): This glossary, aims to fill a current gap in the education sector where there is no specific equivalent. By focusing on concepts such as gender and sex from an educational planning perspective, this tool will provide valuable insights for IIEP training participants, alumni, and education specialists. It will be a consultable resource on the GCI website, offering users easy access to definitions and explanations of key terms. 

8. Gender Transformative Approaches in International Development: A brief history of  Five Uniting Principles: This paper explores the history of gender transformative approaches whilst examining how it is applied in the development sector. It also provides five guiding principles for future interventions and programming seeking to utilise a gender-transformative approach as well as a landscape map of the streams of topics addressed in gender-transformative literature and sub-sectors of study (see below). This paper is available in English.
    

   

   
   Figure 1 represents various topics that have been explored in existing literature on gender-transformative education and approaches. Drafted by McArthur et al it demonstrates four streams, separated by colour for which each topic is categorised: orange represents literature that speaks to foundational topics of gender-transformative approaches, red represents organisational topics, green represents relational topics, and blue represents sectoral topics. 
   Based on the existing literature, there is no common definition of GTE. Published glossaries and other resources have extensively explored gender equality and gender-responsive approaches but do not fully discuss gender transformative education.